Point Topography and Within-Session Learning Are Important Predictors of Pet Dogs’ (Canis lupus familiaris) Performance on Human Guided Tasks
نویسندگان
چکیده
Resumen Pet domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) are generally considered successful on object choice tasks, reliably following human points to a target. However, defining the specific topography of the point types utilized and assessing the potential for dogs to generalize their responses across similar point types has received little attention. In Experiment 1, we assessed pet dogs’ performance on an object choice task utilizing nine different point types that varied across the dimensions of movement, duration, and distance. These dimensions reliably predicted the performance of pet dogs on this task. In Experiment 2, pet dogs presented with nine different point types in the order of increasing difficulty performed better on more difficult point types than both naive dogs and dogs experiencing the nine points in the order of decreasing difficulty. In Experiment 3, we manipulated the attentional state of the experimenter (as in perspective taking studies) and found that human orientation was not a strong predictor of performance on pointing tasks. The results of this study indicate that dogs do not reliably follow all point types without additional training or experience. Furthermore, dogs appear to continuously learn about the dimensions of human points, adjusting their behavior accordingly, even over the course of experimental testing. These findings bring claims of pet dogs’ spontaneous success on pointing tasks into question. The ability to learn about, and respond flexibly to, human gestures may benefit pet dogs living in human homes more than a spontaneous responsiveness to specific gesture types. Los perros domésticos son generalmente considerados exitosos en la tarea de elección de objeto, siguiendo fiablemente señales humanas hacia el lugar correcto. Sin embargo, tanto el definir la topografía precisa de las señales así como el evaluar la capacidad de los perros para generalizar sus respuestas a través de claves similares, ha recibido poca atención. En el Experimento 1, evaluamos el rendimiento de los perros en la tarea de elección de objeto, utilizando nueve diferentes tipos de señalamientos que variaron a través de tres dimensiones: movimiento, duración, y distancia. Estas dimensiones fueron predictores confiables del desempeño de los perros en esta tarea. En el Experimento 2, los perros a los cuales se les presentaron las nueve formas de señalamiento en un orden de dificultad creciente, tuvieron un mejor rendimiento en las claves complejas que los perros que no fueron expuestos a ninguna clave, o aquellos a los que se les presentaron las mismas señales en orden dificultad decreciente. En el Experimento 3, variamos el estado de atención del investigador (como en los estudios de toma de perspectiva) y encontramos que la orientación del cuerpo de la persona no fue un buen predictor del desempeño de los perros en respuesta al señalamiento. Los resultados de esta investigación indican que los perros no siguen todos los tipos de señalamientos sin tener entrenamiento adicional o experiencia. Más aun, los perros parecen aprender continuamente acerca de estas dimensiones de movimiento, duración, y distancia, ajustando su comportamiento de acuerdo a ello, aun durante la prueba experimental. Estos hallazgos cuestionan las afirmaciones de que los perros sean espontáneamente exitosos en las pruebas de señalamiento. La habilidad de aprender acerca de los gestos humanos y responder flexiblemente a ellos, puede beneficiar a los perros que viven en hogares humanos aún más que la capacidad espontánea de responder a un tipo de gesto específico.
منابع مشابه
When dogs look back: inhibition of independent problem-solving behaviour in domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) compared with wolves (Canis lupus).
Domestic dogs have been recognized for their social sensitivity and aptitude in human-guided tasks. For example, prior studies have demonstrated that dogs look to humans when confronted with an unsolvable task; an action often interpreted as soliciting necessary help. Conversely, wolves persist on such tasks. While dogs' 'looking back' behaviour has been used as an example of socio-cognitive ad...
متن کاملCan your dog read your mind?: Understanding the causes of canine perspective taking.
Prior studies have documented the domestic dog's (Canis lupus familiaris) sensitivity to human attentional state, including a tendency to preferentially beg for food from attentive individuals and an ability to selectively perform forbidden behaviors when humans are not looking. Due to the success of dogs on perspective-taking tasks, some have hypothesized that domestic dogs may have theory of ...
متن کاملShut up and pet me! Domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) prefer petting to vocal praise in concurrent and single-alternative choice procedures.
The nature of the interactions that maintain the social behavior of dogs toward humans and which interactions dogs prefer have not been thoroughly investigated. We focused here on dogs' preference for petting and vocal praise, and the influence that familiarity (owner vs. stranger) has on that preference. We first used concurrent choice to evaluate dogs' preference for petting or vocal praise a...
متن کاملA new perspective on barking in dogs (Canis familiaris).
The disparity in bark frequency and context between dogs (Canis familiaris) and wolves (Canis lupus) has led some researchers to conclude that barking in the domestic dog is nonfunctional. This conclusion attributes the differences primarily to genetic variation caused by domestication rather than to the influence of social environment on ontogeny. Other researchers, however, have concluded tha...
متن کامل“Defense” injuries in attacks on humans by domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) and jaguar (Panthera onca)
This communication describes two attacks by domestic and wild carnivores in Caceres County, localized in the Pantanal area, an extensive flooded plain in Mato Grosso State, Midwest region of Brazil. The first attack took place in an urban area and was caused by a Rottweiler dog (Canis lupus familiaris) created by the family of the victim. Another attack occurred in a rural area, caused by a jag...
متن کامل